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Adolphus Greely takes over as chief signal officer. William Babcock Hazen takes over as chief signal officer. Myer serves as chief signal officer, directing the new weather service. Army Signal Service’s Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce that would affect the daily lives of most of the citizens of the United States through its forecasts and warnings for years to come. A new national weather service had been born within the U.S. Congress passed the resolution and on February 9, 1870, President Ulysses S. 1870: A Joint Congressional Resolution requiring the Secretary of War "to provide for taking meteorological observations at the military stations in the interior of the continent, and at other points in the States and Territories.and for giving notice on the northern lakes and on the seacoast, by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms" was introduced.However, the ability to observe and forecast weather over much of the country, required considerable structure and organization, which could be provided through a government agency. The ability to observe and display simultaneously observed weather data, through the use of the telegraph, quickly led to initial efforts toward the next logical advancement, the forecasting of weather. 1869: Telegraph service, instituted in Cincinnati, began collecting weather data and producing weather charts.1860: 500 stations are making regular observations, but work is interrupted by the Civil War.By 1860, 500 stations were furnishing daily telegraphic weather reports to the Washington Evening Star, and as the network grew, other existing systems were gradually absorbed, including several state weather services. Observations submitted by telegraph to the Smithsonian, where weather maps are created.īy the end of 1849, 150 volunteers throughout the United States were reporting weather observations to the Smithsonian regularly.
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1849: Smithsonian Institution supplies weather instruments to telegraph companies and establishes extensive observation network.With the advent of the telegraph, weather observations from distant points could be "rapidly" collected, plotted and analyzed at one location. Although most basic meteorological instruments had existed for over 100 years, it was the telegraph that was largely responsible for the advancement of operational meteorology during the 19th century. George Washington also took regular observations the last weather entry in his diary was made the day before he died.ĭuring the early and mid-1800's, weather observation networks began to grow and expand across the United States. Jefferson made regular observations at Monticello from 1772-78, and participated in taking the first known simultaneous weather observations in America. Incidentally, he noted that the high temperature in Philadelphia, Pa., on Jwas 76 degrees. He also purchased a barometer - one of the only ones in America at the time - a few days later from the same merchant. Thomas Jefferson purchased a thermometer from a local Philadelphia merchant while in town for the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Colonial leaders who formed the path to independence of our country also were avid weather observers. Weather also was important to many of the Founding Fathers. Weather always has been important to the citizenry of this country, and this was especially true during the 17th and 18th centuries. The National Weather Service has its beginning in the early history of the United States.